Сколько электролита в аккумуляторе 100: Каким током заряжать, Сколько электролита, Вес

«сколько электролита в аккумуляторе 60» – Яндекс.Кью

Для зарядки кальциевого аккумулятора на автомобиле не всегда можно использовать первый попавшийся подзарядный агрегат. Все дело в том, что кальциевые аккумуляторы пришли на смену классическим моделям, так как значительно превосходят их по техническим параметрам, хотя их по праву можно считать модернизированной версией.

Кроме весомых преимуществ кальциевых батарей, которые так хорошо зарекомендовали их на практике, оказалось, что для них необходимо напряжение зарядки в пределах 16,1 – 16,5 Вольт, чтобы добиться максимального заряда и плотности тока на выходе.

Если вы будете использовать для зарядки устаревшие модели подзарядных агрегатов, он также зарядится, но процент будет несоизмеримо ниже. К примеру, при максимальном напряжении от зарядного устройства в 12,7 – 13В кальциевый аккумулятор зарядится только на 40 – 50%, если ваше зарядное выдаст напряжение в пределах 14 – 15В, то аккумулятор максимально достигнет 60 – 70% заряда. То есть теоретически вы можете пользоваться любым зарядным устройством, но максимального заряда вам удастся добиться лишь при 16,1 – 16,5В.

По времени заряд кальциевых аккумуляторов должен продолжаться до тех пор, пока зарядный ток не снизится на 0,5А – это будет сигналом к тому, что плотность в аккумуляторе достигла номинальной величины. В современных зарядных агрегатах присутствует автоматический контроль за всеми процессами, поэтому следить за показателями вам не придетсят – зарядка прекратиться в автоматическом режиме, когда будет достигнут нужный предел.

как определить и каким должен быть

Автор Aluarius На чтение 5 мин. Просмотров 305 Опубликовано 11.05.2020

При использовании батареи важно знать, какой уровень электролита должен быть в аккумуляторе, для обеспечения ему комфортных эксплуатационных условий.

Что такое электролит

Электролит – жидкость, способствующая аккумулированию энергии в батарее и представляющая собой раствор серной кислоты (в кислотных АКБ) или соль металлов, растворённую в дистиллированной воде (щелочные АКБ).

Будучи одним из основных компонентов батареи, электролит обладает электропроводящими свойствами, причём от его качества зависит производительность и срок работы аккумулятора. Согласно принципу работы АКБ, по окончании зарядки в электролите сохраняется энергия, это основная функция раствора. Кроме этого электролит используют непосредственно при изготовлении источников тока, с их помощью вводят в эксплуатацию сухозаряженные батареи, восстанавливают аккумуляторы.

Какой уровень электролита должен быть в аккумуляторе

От уровня электролита в аккумуляторе напрямую зависит его работоспособность, недостаток или переизбыток жидкости послужит причиной поломок. Чтобы узнать, какое значение является оптимальным, нужно знать ёмкость батареи. Так, при ёмкости 60 А∙ч нормальный объём жидкости в аккумуляторе составляет от 2,7 до 3 литров, а при 75 А∙ч – от 3,7 до 4 литров.

Проверить количество раствора можно по отметкам «min» и «max» на корпусе – оптимальное значение пребывает между двух границ. Однако этот способ проверки неудобный, так как корпус непрозрачный и, посмотрев внутрь банки через открытую пробку, сложно что-либо увидеть.

Существует более простой метод измерения, осуществляемый в бытовых условиях. Чтобы его воссоздать, необходимо вставить в банку аккумулятора прозрачную трубочку с не запаянными концами вплоть до её соприкосновения с пластинами. Далее, зажав свободный конец трубки, устройство нужно извлечь и, продолжая закрывать другой край трубки, с помощью линейки измерить уровень втянувшейся жидкости. Значение от 10 до 15 мм является нормальным. То есть, уровень электролита должен располагаться над пластинами на 1-1,5 см.

СПРАВКА: для измерения подойдёт корпус любой канцелярской ручки.

Помимо объёма электролита, важно знать его плотность, её значение тоже влияет на работу устройства. Величина этого параметра влияет на температуру замерзания электролита в аккумуляторе, а также период годности самой АКБ. Так, например, при повышенной концентрации серной кислоты (если рассматривать кислотные батареи), источник прослужит меньшее время, чем предусмотрено его производителем. А пониженное значение плотности сделает жидкость слишком восприимчивой к температуре, и она застынет уже при минус пяти градусах по Цельсию.

Плотность определить можно ареометром, нормальное значение показателя должно лежать в пределах от 1,27 до 1,29 г/см³, а уровень дистиллированной воды в аккумуляторе в процентном соотношении с количеством кислоты должен быть приблизительно 2:1, то есть 65% воды к 35% серной кислоты.

СПРАВКА: до осуществления замеров значений плотности и уровня электролита необходимо АКБ зарядить.

Причины изменения уровня электролита в АКБ

По прошествии времени в АКБ уменьшается объём жидкости. Это происходит в любом аккумуляторе, даже в тех, которые не требуют регулярного наблюдения и обслуживания. Зачастую при уменьшении количества электролита увеличивается концентрация химического вещества из-за испарения воды.

Причины изменения заключаются в следующем:

1. Трещины в корпусе. Выяснить их наличие можно, просто убрав батарею с привычного места и увидев подтёки или лужу. Повреждённый корпус подлежит спаиванию или заклеиванию трещин, однако обычно АКБ просто заменяют.
2. Вытекание через крышку или отверстия, через которые выходят пары жидкости и газы. Это может произойти во время демонтажа батареи или в условиях сильной вибрации, например, во время поездки по бездорожью.
3. Испарение воды. Очевидное изменение плотности вследствие работы батареи при жаре или же в случае, когда аккумулятор установлен в непосредственной близости от разогретых элементов двигателя.
4. Гидролиз воды. Естественный процесс при зарядке АКБ высокими токами, в течение которого часть поступающей энергии уходит на разложение воды. Заметить это можно по характерному бульканью жидкости в батареи или её кипению.

Почему важно отслеживать уровень электролита

Отклонение значения объёма электролита в источнике тока от нормы может существенно повлиять на его работоспособность. Так, недостаток жидкости говорит об испарении воды и, следовательно, повышении концентрации кислоты. В связи с этим происходит процесс кристаллизации и окисления пластин, что увеличивает сопротивление внутри батареи.

Если снижение уровня раствора произошло до такой степени, что заметны верхние части пластин, в процессе зарядки это может привести к их сильному разогреву и осыпанию через 3-6 месяцев использования.

Когда электролита в банке батареи не хватает, чтобы закрыть пластины, ёмкости аккумулятора может быть недостаточно для его работы.

Высокий уровень жидкости в аккумуляторе может так же навредить работе устройства. Обычно увеличение объёма жидкости сопровождается уменьшением плотности. Это происходит, если пользователь при заправке аккумулятора не соблюдает водный баланс. При отклонении от нормы плотности температурный диапазон работоспособности заметно снижается, и электролит может замёрзнуть при небольших минусовых температурах. Если батарея эксплуатируется в зимний период года и жидкость внутри застынет, корпус может разрушиться, и АКБ придётся заменить.

Что делать, если уровень электролита низкий или высокий

Если после замера количества жидкости определилось, что объём превышает значение нормы, лишний электролит нужно извлечь, например, откачать спринцовочной грушей.

Если раствора не хватает, требуется увеличить его объём. Однако изначально важно определить плотность, чтобы не допустить непреднамеренного вредительства работоспособности батареи.

Отмечено, что плотность может принимать значения от 1,27 до 1,29 г/см³. Если при замере ареометр показал цифры, меньшие нижней отметки предела, то нужно увеличить концентрацию химического вещества, добавив электролит. В обратном случае – дистиллированную воду.

90000 MIT School of Engineering | »How does a battery work? 90001 90002 How does a battery work? 90003 90004 Your watch, laptop, and laser-pointer are all powered by the same thing: chemistry … 90005 90006 By Mary Bates 90007 90004 There are a lot of different kinds of batteries, but they all function based on the same underlying concept. «A battery is a device that is able to store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, and convert that energy into electricity,» says Antoine Allanore, a postdoctoral associate at MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering.»You can not catch and store electricity, but you can store electrical energy in the chemicals inside a battery.» 90005 90004 There are three main components of a battery: two terminals made of different chemicals (typically metals), the anode and the cathode; and the electrolyte, which separates these terminals. The electrolyte is a chemical medium that allows the flow of electrical charge between the cathode and anode. When a device is connected to a battery — a light bulb or an electric circuit — chemical reactions occur on the electrodes that create a flow of electrical energy to the device.90005 90004 More specifically: during a discharge of electricity, the chemical on the anode releases electrons to the negative terminal and ions in the electrolyte through what’s called an oxidation reaction. Meanwhile, at the positive terminal, the cathode accepts electrons, completing the circuit for the flow of electrons. The electrolyte is there to put the different chemicals of the anode and cathode into contact with one another, in a way that the chemical potential can equilibrate from one terminal to the other, converting stored chemical energy into useful electrical energy.»These two reactions happen simultaneously,» Allanore says. «The ions transport current through the electrolyte while the electrons flow in the external circuit, and that’s what generates an electric current.» 90005 90004 If the battery is disposable, it will produce electricity until it runs out of reactants (same chemical potential on both electrodes). These batteries only work in one direction, transforming chemical energy to electrical energy. But in other types of batteries, the reaction can be reversed.Rechargeable batteries (like the kind in your cellphone or in your car) are designed so that electrical energy from an outside source (the charger that you plug into the wall or the dynamo in your car) can be applied to the chemical system, and reverse its operation, restoring the battery’s charge. 90005 90004 The Group Sadoway lab at MIT is working on creating more efficient batteries for multiple uses. For large-scale energy storage, the team is working on a liquid metal battery, in which the electrolyte, anode, and cathode are liquid.For portable applications, they are developing a thin-film polymer battery with a flexible electrolyte made of nonflammable gel. Another goal of the lab is to build batteries using previously unconsidered materials, focusing on abundant, cheap and safe substances that have the same commercial potential as popular lithium batteries. 90005 90004 90006 Thanks to 18-year-old Steven Minkus from Glenview, IL, for this question. 90007 90005 90004 Posted: May 1, 2012 90005 .90000 Scientists spice up electrolyte solution to increase charge cycles — ScienceDaily 90001 90002 When it comes to the special sauce of batteries, researchers at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have discovered it’s all about the salt concentration. By getting the right amount of salt, right where they want it, they’ve demonstrated a small lithium-metal battery can re-charge about seven times more than batteries with conventional electrolytes. 90003 90002 A battery’s electrolyte solution shuttles charged atoms between electrodes to generate electricity.Finding an electrolyte solution that does not corrode the electrodes in a lithium-metal battery is a challenge but the PNNL approach, published online in 90005 Advanced Materials 90006, successfully creates a protective layer around the electrodes and achieves significantly increased charge / discharge cycles. 90003 90002 Conventional electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries, which power household electronics like computers and cell phones, are not suitable for lithium-metal batteries. Lithium-metal batteries that replace a graphite electrode with a lithium electrode are the ‘holy grail’ of energy storage systems because lithium has a greater storage capacity and, therefore, a lithium-metal battery has double or triple the storage capacity.That extra power enables electric vehicles to drive more than two times longer between charges. 90003 90002 Adding more lithium-based salt to the liquid electrolyte mix creates a more stable interface between the electrolyte and the electrodes which, in turn, affects the life of the battery. But that high concentration of salt comes with distinct downsides — including the high cost of lithium salt. The high concentration also increases viscosity and lowers conductivity of the ions through the electrolyte.90003 90002 «We were trying to preserve the advantage of the high concentration of salt, but offset the disadvantages,» said Ji-Guang «Jason» Zhang, a senior battery researcher at PNNL. «By combining a fluorine-based solvent to dilute the high concentration electrolyte, our team was able to significantly lower the total lithium salt concentration yet keep its benefits.» 90003 90002 In this process, they were able to localize the high concentrations of lithium-based salt into «clusters» which are able to still form protective barriers on the electrode and prevent the growth of dendrites — microscopic, pin-like fibers — that cause rechargeable batteries to short circuit and limit their life span.90003 90002 PNNL’s patent-pending electrolyte was tested in PNNL’s Advanced Battery Facility on an experimental battery cell similar in size to a watch battery. It was able to retain 80 percent of its initial charge after 700 cycles of discharging and recharging. A battery using a standard electrolyte can only maintain its charge for about 100 cycles. 90003 90002 Researchers will test this localized high concentration electrolyte on ‘pouch’ batteries developed at the lab, which are the size and power of a cell phone battery, to see how it performs at that scale.They say the concept of using this novel fluorine-based diluent to manipulate salt concentration also works well for sodium-metal batteries and other metal batteries. 90003 90002 This research is part of the Battery500 Consortium led by PNNL which aims to develop smaller, lighter, and less expensive batteries that nearly triple the specific energy found in batteries that power today’s electric cars. Specific energy measures the amount of energy packed into a battery based on its weight. 90003 90002 90023 Story Source: 90024 90003 90002 Materials provided by 90023 DOE / Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 90024.90005 Note: Content may be edited for style and length. 90006 90003 .90000 How-To: Find your MacBook’s battery cycle count and learn what it means about its battery life 90001 90002 90003 90004 90002 Recently I noticed that my Late 2013 MacBook Pro with Retina Display seemed to be dying at a faster clip. Naturally, I assumed that the battery might be going bad. 90004 90002 After checking the battery cycle count, I learned that I was probably wrong about the battery being bad, as the cycle count was still well within the normal life span of my MacBook.Here’s how I was able to verify that everything was okay with my MacBook’s battery. 90004 90009 How to check your MacBook battery’s cycle count 90010 90002 90012 Step 1: 90013 Hold the Option (⌥) key and click the Apple () logo in the upper left-hand corner. 90004 90002 90012 Step 2: 90013 Click System Information. 90004 90002 90012 Step 3: 90013 Under 90022 Hardware 90023 on the left side of the System Information page, click Power. 90004 90002 90012 Step 4: 90013 Under the 90022 Battery Information 90023 header, find 90022 Health Information 90023 and check the Cycle Count.90004 90002 As you can see from the screenshot below, my battery cycle count is resting at 466. 90004 90002 90036 90004 90009 How to verify if your MacBook’s battery is still within its normal lifespan 90010 90002 Under Cycle Count below the Health Information section, you should see a Condition section. There, you can learn the current condition of your MacBook’s battery. In the screenshot above, you’ll see that my battery’s current condition is normal. 90004 90002 More importantly, you’ll want to visit Apple’s support document regarding battery life and battery cycle counts.It is here that you can learn about the actual battery count cycle figures that allow you to determine if your battery is still good. 90004 90002 For instance, my Late 2013 MacBook Pro with Retina Display can go 1,000 battery cycles before it is deemed to be consumed. Even then, it might still be possible to use the MacBook like normal, you’ll just need to expect degraded battery performance. 90004 90002 I’m pretty impressed that my MacBook’s battery can last 1,000 cycles. That might not seem like a lot on paper, but I’ve had this MacBook for several years, and I feel like I’ve charged it a million times.Still, this particular unit is sitting at only 466 cycles, which is less than half of the maximum life expectancy of its battery. 90004 90009 How battery cycle counts are determined 90010 90002 A battery cycle is the time it takes for a battery to go from 100% to 0%. That process could span multiple days. The important thing to keep in mind is that a battery cycle happens when you use all of the battery’s power. As Apple explains, it could span multiple days before a battery cycle elapses. This is why you may have powered and charged your MacBook a thousand times, while your MacBook’s battery only has a few hundred cycles to its name.90004 90002 If it turns out that your MacBook’s battery cycle count is past its maximum capacity, then a quick appointment with the Genius bar at the Apple Store can get you a replacement battery if necessary. And if you’re having battery issues but not at the max cycle count, you might be able to get the problem diagnosed and fixed under warranty. 90004 90002 90022 FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. 90023 More. 90004 90058 90002 Check out 9to5Mac on YouTube for more Apple news: 90004 90002 90062 90063 90004 .90000 Cell & Batteries MCQs with Explanatory Answers 90001 90002 Batteries and Cell MCQs with Explanatory Answers 90003 90004 90005 90006 1. These batteries have connected in ___________. 90007 90008 90009 90004 90011 90011 90009 90014 90015 Series 90016 90015 Parallel 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 90024 Answer: 2. Parallel 90025 90026 90009 90004 90023 Explanation: 90026 90009 90004 As we can see that Positive connected to positive terminal and Negative connected to Negative Terminal.So the batteries configuration in Parallel.How can we connect a load in this configuration, it is shown in the figure below. 90009 90004 90035 90035 90009 90004 90005 90006 2. In Ideal case, the Charging current for 200Ah battery would be _________? 90007 90008 90009 90014 90015 10 A 90016 90015 12 A 90016 90015 15 A 90016 90015 20 A 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: 90026 90023 4. 90026 90023 20 A. 90026 90009 90004 90023 90024 Explanation: 90025 90026 90009 90004 Charging current should be 10% of the Ah (Ampere hour) rating of battery.90009 90004 Therefore, Charging current for 120Ah battery would be = 200Ah x (10/100) = 20A. 90009 90004 Note: This is for Ideal case only … for real case ,,, just check MCQs # 3. 90009 90004 90006 90005 3. In Real case, the Charging current for 200Ah battery would be _________? 90008 90007 90009 90014 90015 20-22 A 90016 90015 14-16 A 90016 90015 12-14 A 90016 90015 10-12 A 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: 1. 20-22A 90026 90009 90004 90023 90024 Explanation: 90025 90026 90009 90004 Charging current should be 10% of the Ah (Ampere hour) rating of battery.90009 90004 Therefore, Charging current for 120Ah battery would be = 200Ah x (10/100) = 20A 90009 90004 But due to losses, the charging current for 200Ah battery should be 20-22A. 90009 90004 90005 90006 4. In Ideal case, the Charging Time for 200Ah battery would be _________? 90007 90008 90009 90014 90015 5 hours 90016 90015 10 hours 90016 90015 15 hours 90016 90015 20 hours 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: 2. 10 hours 90026 90009 90004 90023 90024 Explanation: 90025 90026 90009 90004 Charging current should be 10 % of the Ah (Ampere hour) rating of battery.90009 90004 Therefore, Charging current for 120Ah battery would be = 200Ah x (10/100) = 20A 90009 90004 Hence, Charging Time for 200 Ah battery = Ah rating of battery / Charging Current 90009 90004 = 200Ah / 20 = 10 hours. 90009 90004 Note: This is for Ideal case only … for real case ,,, just check MCQs # 5. 90009 90004 90005 90006 5. In Real case, the Charging Time for 200Ah battery would be _________? 90007 90008 90009 90014 90015 5 hours 90016 90015 10 hours 90016 90015 11 hours 90016 90015 12 hours 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: 3.11 hours 90026 90009 90004 90023 90024 Explanation: 90025 90026 90009 90004 Suppose for 200 Ah battery, 90009 90004 First of all, we will calculate charging current for 200 Ah battery. As we know that charging current should be 10% of the Ah rating of battery. 90009 90004 So charging current for 200Ah Battery = 200 x (10/100) = 20 Amperes. 90009 90004 But due to the losses, we can take 20-22 Amperes for charging purpose. 90009 90004 suppose we took 22 Amp for charging purpose, 90009 90004 Then charging time for 200Ah battery = 200/22 = 9.09 Hrs. 90009 90004 But this was an ideal case … 90009 90004 Practically, this is noted that 40% of losses (in case of battery charging) 90009 90004 Then 200 x (40/100) = 80 … .. (200Ah x 40% of losses ) 90009 90004 Therefore, 200 + 80 = 280 Ah (200 Ah + Losses) 90009 90004 Now Charging Time of battery = Ah / Charging Current 90009 90004 280/22 = 12.72 or 12.5 Hrs (in real case) 90009 90004 Therefore, a 200Ah battery would take 12 Hrs for completely charging (with 22A charging current).90009 90004 90006 90005 6 One (1) Ah = ________? 90008 90007 90009 90014 90015 1C 90016 90015 1200C 90016 90015 2400C 90016 90015 3600C 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: 4. 3600C 90026 90009 90004 90023 90024 Explanation: 90025 90026 90009 90004 1Ah = (1A) x (3600s) = (C / s) x (3600s) = 3600 C. 90009 90004 ∴ A (One Ampere) = One Coulomb per second = C / s 90009 90004 90006 90005 7. The commercial lead acid cell has 13 plates.The number of positive plates would be_______. 90008 90007 90009 90014 90015 6 90016 90015 7 90016 90015 8 90016 90015 9 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: 1. 6 90026 90009 90004 90024 Explanation: 90025 90009 90004 The number of negative plates in a lead acid cell is one more than the number of positive plates; the outside plates being negative. So the number of positive plates would be 6. 90009 90004 90006 90005 8. The commercial lead acid cell has 15 plates.The number of negative plates would be_______. 90008 90007 90009 90014 90015 6 90016 90015 7 90016 90015 8 90016 90015 9 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: 3. 8 90026 90009 90004 90023 90024 Explanation: 90025 90026 90009 90004 The number of negative plates in a lead acid cell is one more than the number of positive plates; the outside plates being negative. So the number of negative plates would be 8. 90009 90004 90005 90006 9. A lead acid cell has 15 plates.In absence of manufacturer’s data [nameplate], the charging current should be________. 90007 90008 90009 90014 90015 3A 90016 90015 6A 90016 90015 7A 90016 90015 13A 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer. 4. 7A 90026 90009 90004 90024 90023 Explanation: 90026 90025 90009 90004 The charging current for battery should be 1A for every positive plate of a single cell. Also we know that The number of negative plates in a lead acid cell is one more than the number of positive plates; the outside plates being negative.therefore, the number of Negative and Positive plates wold be 8 and 7 respectively. thus, the charging current for this battery would be 7A. 90009 90004 90024 90023 10. A Battery is a series or parallel combination of electrolytic cells. 90026 90025 90009 90014 90015 True 90016 90015 False 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (1) 90026 90009 90004 An electrolyte cell consists of a positive electrode and a negative electrode separated from each other by an electrolyte.The electrolyte can be concentrated aqueous solutions like acids, alkalis or salts, or ionic conductors like organic salt solutions, polymers, ceramics etc. The electrolyte is a good conductor of ions, but a bad conductor of electrons. Two or more such cells connected together in series or in a series-parallel array forms an assembly called Battery. 90009 90004 90024 90023 11. In a single cell, the two electrodes are separated from each other by— 90026 90025 90009 90014 90015 1mm 90016 90015 1cm 90016 90015 0.5mm 90016 90015 0.5cm 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (1) 90362 90026 90009 90004 In a single electrolytic cell, the positive electrode and negative electrode have minimum distance between them, about 1mm, so that the internal resistance is as low as possible. Typical value of this resistance is of the order of mill-ohms, so that voltage drops between the electrodes is minimum when drawing huge amount of current 90009 90004 90024 90023 12.Standard open circuit voltage for Lead-acid battery at standard conditions is — 90026 90025 90009 90014 90015 3 Volts 90016 90015 2.048 Volts 90016 90015 2.50 Volts 90016 90015 3.508 Volts 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (2) 90026 90009 90004 The net voltage or voltage difference between potentials of the positive and negative electrodes of a electrolyte cell defines the open circuit voltage at standard conditions. During discharge of the battery, the negative electrode undergoes oxidation while the positive electrode undergoes reduction as given below: 90009 90004 90392 90392 90009 90004 Thus, open circuit voltage at standard conditions is: V 90396 o 90397 = E 90396 o1 90397 -E 90396 02 90397 = +1.690 — (-0.358) Volts = +2.048 Volts 90009 90004 90024 90023 13. In a primary cell, one of the electrodes is usually used away after certain time with chemical action. 90026 90025 90009 90014 90015 True 90016 90015 False 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (1) 90026 90009 90004 Consider a primary cell having Zinc electrode as negative electrode and Carbon electrode as negative electrode and Sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. Movement of electrons from negative electrode to the positive electrode constitutes current flow through the load.The chemical reaction that takes place ensures that the positive ions in the Zinc electrode combines with the negative ions from the Sulfuric acid, forming Zinc Sulfate. 90009 90004 Thus, as the reaction proceeds further, Zinc gradually dissolves into the solution, causing the cell to be discharged. This proves that in a primary cell, one of the electrodes is used away with the chemical action 90009 90004 90023 90024 14. In a secondary cell, electric current is made to flow in opposite direction than usual to achieve charging of the cell.90025 90026 90009 90014 90015 True 90016 90015 False 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (1) 90362 90026 90009 90004 Consider a 12-Volt Lead-Acid battery having fully charged terminal voltage of 12.6 Volts. When the battery is supplied with an external voltage greater than the terminal voltage, smooth charging is ensured. 90009 90004 As electricity passes through the electrolyte solution, the Lead Sulfate at the electrodes converts back to its original substance, i.e. anode or positive plate of Lead Dioxide and Cathode or negative plate of Sponge Lead. 90009 90004 90024 90023 15. A primary dry cell is called so because— 90026 90025 90009 90014 90015 The electrolyte used is completely dry 90016 90015 The electrolyte used is a moist paste 90016 90015 Dry electrodes are used 90016 90015 None of the above 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (2) 90026 90009 90004 A primary dry cell, also known as 90023 Leclanche cell 90026, consists of a moist paste as its electrolyte.The paste is usually a mixture of substances like ammonium chloride, manganese dioxide, powdered coke, graphite and water. The paste is contained in a Zinc container, which acts as the cathode or the negative electrode. The container is lined with a non-conducting material to separate Zinc from the paste. 90009 90004 90023 90024 16. Nickel-Cadmium batteries are preferred more than Lead-Acid batteries in military applications because — 90025 90026 90009 90014 90015 Can be easily charged and discharged.90016 90015 Discharge rate is higher 90016 90015 Delivers large amount of power 90016 90015 All of the above 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (4) 90362 90026 90009 90004 Nickel Cadmium cells contain Cadmium Hydroxide as cathode, Nickel Hydroxide as anode and Potassium Hydroxide and water as electrolyte. Though Nickel-Cadmium batteries are comparable with Lead-Acid batteries at normal discharge rates, at higher discharge rates, the amount of power delivered is higher in the former.Also, Ni-Cd batteries show superiority over Lead-Acid batteries in terms of faster charging rate, less time to charge, longer storage period and longer intervals of charging and discharging. 90009 90004 90024 90023 17. Number of cells connected in series provide a — 90026 90025 90009 90014 90015 High current carrying capacity 90016 90015 Higher Voltage 90016 90015 Higher power 90016 90015 None of the above 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (2) 90026 90009 90004 Consider the below series combination of four cells.90009 90004 90524 90524 90009 90004 90023 Figure 1: Series Connected Cells 90026 90009 90004 Notice that the negative electrode of each cell is connected to the positive electrode of its adjacent cell. If voltage across each cell is V volts, the total voltage across the loop will be determined using Kirchhoff’s law as sum of the individual voltages across each cell. Hence total voltage will be 4V volts. This shows that 90023 cells connected in series provides a higher voltage 90026. 90009 90004 90024 90023 18.Number of cells connected in parallel provide a — 90026 90025 90009 90014 90015 High current carrying capacity 90016 90015 Higher voltage 90016 90015 Higher power 90016 90015 None of the above 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (1) 90026 90009 90004 Consider the below parallel combination of four cells. 90009 90004 90560 90560 90009 90004 90023 Figure 2: Parallel Connected Cells 90026 90009 90004 Note that positive electrodes of all the cells are connected in series with each other and the negative electrodes are connected in series with each other.This ensures that voltage across the combination is same as the voltage across a single cell, i.e. V volts. However, the total current flowing would be sum of the individual currents flowing through each cell. Thus, 90023 cells connected in parallel constitute flow of higher current 90026. 90009 90004 90023 90024 19. Specific Gravity of a electrolyte in a single cell or a battery is always— 90025 90026 90009 90014 90015 Equal to 1.0 90016 90015 Greater than 1.0 90016 90015 Less than 1.0 90016 90015 None of the above 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (2) 90026 90009 90004 Specific Gravity of a substance is defined as the ratio of its weight compared to the weight of same amount of pure water. This term is used to determine the amount of active ingredient in an electrolyte, to ensure smooth operation of the cell. Since the electrolyte is a solution of water, the amount of active ingredient can not be measured directly. 90009 90004 Any substance which floats on water will have specific gravity less than that of pure water, i.e. less than 1.0. Since the active ingredient used must sink or dissolve in water, the specific gravity is usually greater than that of pure water, i.e. greater than 1.0. 90009 90004 90024 90023 20. Storage batteries are rated according to — 90026 90025 90009 90014 90015 Ambient Temperature 90016 90015 Discharge Rate 90016 90015 A and C 90016 90015 None of the above 90016 90019 90020 Show Explanatory Answer 90021 90004 90023 Answer: (3 ) 90026 90009 90004 Theoretically, capacity or rating of a storage battery is given in terms of the total amount of current which flows through the battery, at a given amount of time and is a constant value.However, practically the rating depends upon the rate of discharge and the ambient temperature. Higher the rate of discharge, lesser will be the capacity. 90009 90004 The discharge occurs till the voltage per cell reduces to 1.7 volts, especially for Lead-Acid batteries. For a storage battery rated 100 Ampere-Hours at 5-Hour discharge rate, if the latter is decreased to 30-minute rate, the capacity delivered will be 1/3 90396 rd 90397 of the given nominal capacity. If the discharge rate is increased to 10-Hour rate, the capacity delivered will increase by 20% than the nominal value.90009 90004 Also, optimal battery performance is achieved in the working temperature range from 20 degree Celsius to 30 degree Celsius. According to few practical tests, discharge rate of battery doubles with every 10-degree Celsius rise in temperature. Though at higher temperature, the rate of occurrence of chemical reactions will be faster, the life of the battery will be reduced. 90009 90004 90023 Related MCQS with Explanatory Answers: 90026 90009 90004 Batteries Related Posts: 90009.